hysteractomy

MASS HYSTERECTOMIES: SLEEPING GOVERNMENT

An investigation first published by India's Business Line in April 2019 exposed HYSTERTOMY TREND in Beed district, Maharashtra: thousands of poor women working as sugarcane cutters…

Dr. Sujata Mittal10 September 2026 5 min read
MASS HYSTERECTOMIES: SLEEPING GOVERNMENT

An investigation first published by India's Business Line in April 2019 exposed HYSTERTOMY TREND in Beed district, Maharashtra: thousands of poor women working as sugarcane cutters had undergone hysterectomies — not for genuine medical reasons, but to remain employable during the sugarcane-cutting season (October - April).

The core logic of exploitation: Contractors & sugar factory owners refused to hire women who took time off during menstruation. Faced with poverty & no alternative, women were manipulated by unscrupulous private doctors — into having their uteruses removed to be "always available" for work. Maharashtra's Health Minister publicly acknowledged that 4,605 hysterectomies had been performed in Beed district alone over just 3 years.

The Sugarcane–Private Nursing Home Nexus

The Sugarcane–Private Nursing Home Nexus

Contractors and sugar factory owners created a demand-side pressure: menstruating women lost work days and thus their contracts. Private doctors exploited the vulnerability of poor, near-illiterate women by instilling fear. The financial motive for doctors came from insurance schemes or out-of-pocket payments extracted .The private medical sector was grossly unregulated, enabling profit-driven surgical malpractice to flourish unchecked. Similar patterns were reported in Chhattisgarh, Rajasthan, Bihar, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh.

⚠️ System Failures That Still Exist

No Clinical Establishments Act in Maharashtra — A draft of the Maharashtra Clinical Establishments Act has been ready since 2014 but was still not adopted as of 2019. Supreme Court case stalled — A Public Interest Litigation was filed in 2013 by Dr. Narendra Gupta seeking compensation for victims. By 2019, it had not come up for hearing in over 2 years. Most state governments hadn't even replied. Union Government evasion — The central government deflected responsibility by saying health is a state subject. No clinical audit — Health activists demanded that all hysterectomies in Beed over the prior 3 years be subjected to a clinical audit, but this had not been mandated. No labour-side regulation — No action was announced against contractors or sugar factory owners who created the discriminatory employment conditions in the first place. National data collected but ignored — The National Family Health Survey (2015–16) had state-wise hysterectomy data, yet "many instances of coercive hysterectomies linked to livelihoods are still being reported."

⚖️ Actions Taken Against Private Doctors

The actions were weak & largely administrative, not criminal. An expert committee was set up under the Maharashtra Legislative Council with legislators & medical experts to examine the issue — but it is still finalizing a standard operating procedure. The exploitation was systematic, the nexus is real & documented, the legal & regulatory response was sluggish & incomplete. Women bore the cost of a failure spanning labour law, medical regulation, and judicial accountability.

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